Iceland competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016.

Since the nation's official debut in 1912, Icelandic athletes have appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, except for four occasions as a result of the worldwide Great Depression (1920 to 1932).

Attending his third straight Olympics, heavyweight judoka Þormóður Jónsson had been chosen by the committee to carry the Icelandic flag in the opening ceremony.

[1][2] Along with Jónsson, four other athletes also returned for their second Olympic appearance, including javelin thrower Ásdís Hjálmsdóttir, top 12 finalist from London 2012, and swimmers Anton Sveinn McKee, Eygló Ósk Gústafsdóttir, and Hrafnhildur Lúthersdóttir.

Þormóður Jónsson earned a continental quota spot from the European region, as the highest-ranked Icelandic judoka outside of direct qualifying position in the IJF World Ranking List of May 30, 2016.