The Indonesian roster featured ten returning Olympians, with three of them headed to their third straight Games: badminton shuttler Liliyana Natsir, along with her partner Tontowi Ahmad, in the mixed doubles, and two-time bronze medalists Eko Yuli Irawan and Triyatno in weightlifting.

Among the nation's medalists were badminton players Ahmad and Natsir, who both bounced back from their fourth-place finish in London to secure the mixed doubles gold, and weightlifting rookie Sri Wahyuni Agustiani, who won Indonesia's first medal of the Games with a silver in the women's 48 kg.

The following is the list of number of competitors participating in the Games: One Indonesian archer qualified for the women's individual recurve by obtaining one of the eight Olympic places available from the 2015 World Archery Championships in Copenhagen, Denmark.

[8][9][10] Three Indonesian archers qualified for the men's events by virtue of the nation's podium finish in the team recurve competition at the 2016 Archery World Cup meet in Antalya, Turkey.

[16][17][18] Indonesian weightlifters have qualified five men's and two women's quota places for the Rio Olympics based on their combined team standing by points at the 2014 and 2015 IWF World Championships.