Nonspecific immune cell

Toll-like receptors are present on each of these cells and recognize a variety of microbial products resulting in the induction of more specific immune responses.

[2] When a phagocytic cell engulfs bacteria, a phagosome is formed around it and the entire complex is ultimately trafficked to the lysosome for degradation.

These cells that participate in the non-specific immune system response do not differentiate between types of microorganisms but do have the ability to discern between what is self and what is non-self.

[5] Macrophages display a plasticity that allows them to respond to numerous types of infections, permitting them to change their physiology, while serving as a common “janitorial cell” to the immune system.

The receptors of macrophages consist of a broad specificity that allows them to discern between self and non-self in the non-specific recognition of foreign substances.

These characteristics of macrophage receptors confer the broad specificity, which allow them to function as a general non-specific immune cell.

NETs, composed of activated neutrophils, are fragile structures consisting of smooth stretches and globular domains, as shown via high-resolution scanning electron microscopy.

[11] Dendritic cells line airways and intestines, participate in a rich network making up part of the epidermal layer of the skin, and play a unique role in initiating a primary immune response.

When the body is introduced to infection or injury, dendritic cells migrate to immune or lymphoid tissues.

Dendritic cells contain Toll-like receptors (TLR) that will recognize a broad variety of microorganisms in the case of invasion.