[2] This chapter contains an oracle delivered after the temple in Jerusalem had been re-built following the Jewish peoples' return from exile, and warns against "an unduly materialistic" approach to the worship of God.

Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B;

This part contains the rebuke to "ecclesiasticism" – 'the spirit that would build human walls around God' (verses 1–2a; cf.

[7] The focus of this section is the end time, where the nation.. brought forth in a moment (cf.

[7] The names listed here represent the distant outposts of the world known to Israel at the time.

to speak of lasting judgment,[clarification needed] and comparable to "hell", which is described by Jesus as the place "where their worm does not die and the fire is not quenched" in Mark 9:48.