J-aggregate

Certain π-conjugated macrocycles, reported by Swager and co-workers at MIT, were also found to form J-aggregates and exhibited exceptionally high photoluminescence quantum yields.

[6] In 2020, a famous cyanine dye (TDBC) was reported with enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield (> 50%) in the solution at room-temperature.

[7] Molecular PIC aggregates exhibiting J-like properties have been shown to spontaneously template into sequence specific DNA duplex strands.

Since the FRET efficiency between two Fluorophores decays by their separation distance to the 6th power, the spatial limitations of these systems are highly constrained.

In theory, dense packing and rigid alignment of the PIC monomers enables superposition of the transition dipoles allowing excitons to propagate through the length of the aggregate with low loss.