[3] Elliott, who attended Lyons Township High School in La Grange, Illinois,[4] began playing football when a Lyons assistant coach noticed his talent at a Homecoming student field goal kicking contest.

[6] During his junior season, he made a 52-yard field goal with no time remaining to beat Oak-Park River Forest High School, 16–14.

As a senior, he made 15 of 21 field-goal attempts and was named Second-team kicker for Kohl's All America List.

[9] In his time at Memphis, he played under head coaches Justin Fuente, Darrell Dickey, and Mike Norvell.

[33] On September 24, 2017, at Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia, Elliott kicked a 61-yard field goal to beat the New York Giants on the final play of the game, resulting in a 27–24 victory, earning him National Football Conference (NFC) Special Teams Player of the Week.

[38] During the Week 11 game against the Dallas Cowboys, Elliott made a tackle during the starting kick return.

[40][41] Against the Atlanta Falcons in the Divisional Round, he missed an extra point but converted three field goal attempts in the 15–10 victory.

[43] During Super Bowl LII on February 4, 2018, Elliott missed his first of two extra point attempts, but made all three of his field goal attempts, including a 46-yard field goal in the fourth quarter that helped seal the Eagles' first Super Bowl victory over the New England Patriots.

[46] In Week 12, against the Giants, he hit a go-ahead 43-yard field goal with 22 seconds remaining to be difference in the 25–22 victory.

[47] In Week 16, against the Houston Texans, he converted a 35-yard field goal with no time remaining to give the Eagles a 32–30 victory.

[48] In the Wild Card Round against the Chicago Bears, he had one extra point and one field goal in the 16–15 victory.

[51] On November 27, 2019, Elliott signed a five-year, $21.8 million contract extension with the Eagles through the 2024 season, making him the third-highest paid kicker in the league.

[59] Elliott reached his second career Super Bowl when the Eagles defeated the San Francisco 49ers in the NFC Championship Game.

In the Super Bowl, Elliott hit both his field goals but the Eagles lost 38–35 to the Kansas City Chiefs.

[61] In Week 2, he kicked a 61-yard field goal at halftime against the Minnesota Vikings, tying his all-time record.

[67] Elliott accounted for 16 of the 40 points scored by Philadelphia in the Super Bowl victory over Kansas City, including a season-long 50-yard kick.