There are about 11 communities in the reserve engaging in farming, logging, gold mining and extraction of copaiba oil.

[1] The region is threatened by the advance of soy plantations and logging, and by the planned construction of two hydroelectric plants on the upper Aripuanã in Mato Grosso, which would have a profound impact on the biota and landscape.

[1] The Juma RDS is drained by the clear water Aripuanã River, one of the largest tributaries of the Madeira.

A simulation model by Soares-Filho and others projected 30% loss by 2050, causing the release of huge volumes of greenhouse gas.

[3] In a "business as usual" scenario, paving the BR-319 and AM-174 highways will result in the loss of large areas of forest.

The potential loss of revenue from forestry was offset by funds from the Juma REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation) Project, the first such to be implemented under the State Policy on Climate Change.

[1] Some of the funding from the REDD program will be used to support the local population, a marginalised and vulnerable group that depends on the forest for survival.