Exogenous ketone

[1] The body can make BHB endogenously, via the liver, due to starvation, ketogenic diets, or prolonged exercise, leading to ketosis.

It is the most common exogenous ketone body because of its efficient energy conversion and ease of synthesis.

[3] β-Hydroxybutyrate, BHB, is also synthesized within liver cells; this is accomplished through the metabolism of fatty acids.

[4][3] Although, β-hydroxybutyrate is technically not a ketone due to the structure of the molecule (OH- attached to carbonyl group makes this an acid),BHB acts like a ketone, providing the body with energy in the absence of glucose.

It is then bonded to sodium, potassium, magnesium, and/or calcium to offset the acidic nature of βHB alone.

[2] The metabolic structure of D-Beta Hydroxybutyrate/ R 1,3-butanediol monoester is similar to that of MCT C8 oil, but many times stronger and without GI issues.

[8] It has only been tested once for sports performance and the paper concluded "TTF [time to fatigue] was not significantly different".

The consumption of ketone bodies results in several effects, ranging from reduced glucose utilization in peripheral tissues, anti-lipolytic effects on adipose tissue, and reduced proteolysis in skeletal muscle.

[4][11] In addition to this, ketone bodies serve as signaling molecules that regulate gene expression and adaptive responses.

[2] Ketone esters reduce the blood pH because KE hydrolysis proves β-HB with butanediol.

Following exposure to exogenous ketones, small amounts of secreted insulin have been reported in animals.