This vast lagoon once defined the terminal plain of the Ombrone Valley and was home to two key Etruscan centers, Vetulonia and Rusellae.
These cities thrived on the lagoon's resources, including trade, fishing, and salt production.
During Roman times, the lakeside area was a vacation spot for the Roman patricians, and Cicero mentions it in an episode recounted in Pro Milone: in response to the landowner M. Paconius, who refused to sell "his island in Lake Prile," the Clodi had occupied the island with ships, unlawfully beginning the construction of their villa.
Significant reclamation efforts began in the 16th century, and in 1828, Grand Duke Leopold II of Tuscany initiated a sediment transport process from the Ombrone River to fill the lake.
Today, the remnants of the former Lake Prile include the 1,200 hectares of the Diaccia Botrona Nature Reserve, recognized as a wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention.