Malagasy Olympic Committee (French: Comité Olympique Malgache) sent a total of six athletes, two men and four women, to compete in four sports at the Games.

The Malagasy team featured three returning Olympians from the previous Games: freestyle swimmer Estellah Fils Rabetsara, hurdler Ali Kame, and steeplechase runner Eliane Saholinirina.

Judoka Asaramanitra Ratiarison was originally selected to carry the Madagascar flag, but declined to do so due to her competition schedule on the first day of the Games.

Asaramanitra Ratiarison earned a continental quota spot from the Africa region as Madagascar's top-ranked judoka outside of direct qualifying position in the IJF World Ranking List of May 30, 2016.

[2][7][8] Madagascar has received an invitation from the Tripartite Commission to send Elisa Ravololoniaina in the women's middleweight category (63 kg) to the Olympics.