Komi alphabets

[1][2] To this day, several icons with inscriptions in Anbur have survived (for example, the Zyryansk Trinity [ru]), as well as a number of handwritten lines in books.

[5] In 1808, students of the Vologda Theological Seminary Philip Kozlov compiled the first grammar of the Komi-Zyryan language.

It used the alphabet based on the Cyrillic alphabet: А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ж ж, З з, И и, І і, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, Ӧ ӧ, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ч ч, Ӵ ӵ, Ш ш, ъ, Ы ы, ь, Ю ю, Я я.

[8] In the second half of the 19th century, on the basis of previously created grammars, two main systems for recording the Komi language developed.

[9] In the last years of the 19th century, the active publication of Alphabet book in the Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permyak languages begins.

[9] The letters particular to the Cyrillic Molodtsov alphabet were: Ԁ Ԃ Ԅ Ԇ Ԉ Ԋ Ԍ Ԏ (the hooks represent palatalization).

[10] Despite the merits of this alphabet (strict phonemic, economical writing), it also had a number of drawbacks, mainly the complexity of the handwriting due to the special form of characters for soft consonants.

According to his design, the alphabet should include the following letters: A a, B b, D d, Dj dj, E e, G g, Zs zs, Dzs dzs, I i, J j, K k, L l, Lj lj, M m, N n, Nj nj, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Sj sj, Sch sch, Cs cs, Csj csj, T t, Tj tj, U u, V v, Y y, Z z, Zj zj, Dz dz.

The alphabet itself was approved in November 1931, after which the transfer of paperwork, education and publishing to a new script began.

[15] The change in the political situation in the USSR in the mid-1930s led to the abandonment of the Latinized Komi alphabet — the country began the process of cyrillization.

[16] Another 1937 proposal by A. N. Zubov was as follows:[17] А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ж ж, Ж̓ ж̓, З з, З̓ з̓, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ы ы, Э э, Ю ю, Я я, Ь ь, Ё ё.

In July 1937, the Yakimov alphabet was discussed at the Leningrad branch of the Institute of Language and Writing [ru], where it underwent some changes — Ә ә, Җ җ, Ҙ ҙ, І і, Ӵ ӵ were added to the 33 letters of the Russian alphabet.

In the final version of the alphabet, the sign Ә ә was replaced by Ӧ ӧ and the alphabet was as follows: А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я, Ё ё, І і, Ӧ ӧ.