SR 560 has its southern terminus at SR 55 approximately 3.50 miles (5.63 km) southwest of the county seat of Urbana.

The northern terminus of the state route is at a T-intersection with SR 29 nearly 6 miles (9.7 km) southeast of the hamlet of Rosewood.

Created in the late 1930s, SR 560 is a two-lane highway that runs through primarily rural terrain to the west and northwest of Urbana.

All of State Route 560 is situated within Champaign County.

It was routed along the path that it currently maintains, and it has not experienced any major changes since its inception.