Ovarian clear-cell carcinoma

Reports from the United States show that the highest rates are among Asians with 11.1% versus whites with 4.8% and blacks at 3.1%.

These numbers are consistent with the finding that although clear-cell carcinomas are rare in Western countries they are much more common in parts of Asia.

[2] Ovarian clear-cell carcinoma often occurs as a pelvic mass that rarely appears bilaterally.

Mutations in ARID1A commonly contain phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) that are hypothesized to contribute to clear-cell tumorigenesis.

A suggested mechanism is the amplification and overexpression of CCNE1 which is thought to promote the tumor's aggressive behavior.

[6] The CCNE1 gene encodes for the cyclin E1 protein which accumulates at the G1-S phase transition point of the cell cycle.

When diagnosed beyond FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stage 1 patients usually have a poor prognosis.

[8] Better insight into genomic heterogeneity would also provide a personalized approach to identifying treatment targets for clear-cell tumor patients that share similar phenotypes.