He started coaching in his late twenties, acting an assistant with Sporting CP, Al-Hilal, Panathinaikos, Rapid București and the Saudi Arabia national team.

[2] After that sole season, Caixinha started a professional relationship with José Peseiro that would last until the end of the decade, with the former acting as assistant to the latter in several clubs – mainly Sporting CP – and the Saudi Arabia national team.

[10] In his first national tournament, he qualified the team for the Clausura Liguilla in the Liga MX[11] and also reached the final of the region's most important club competition, the CONCACAF Champions League.

[21][22] To kickstart 2017–18, Caixinha oversaw Rangers in the club's first European campaign in eight years, as they entered the first qualifying round of the UEFA Europa League and faced Luxembourg's FC Progrès Niederkorn, winning 1–0 at home but losing 2–0 away in the reverse fixture against a team that had previously never won a match, and scored only one goal, in European competition.

[23] Later that season, he led the side past both Dunfermline Athletic and Partick Thistle in the knockout stages of the Scottish League Cup, before succumbing to a 2–0 defeat at Hampden to Motherwell in the semi-final; the game saw both him and opposing manager Stephen Robinson sent to the stands for their behaviour on the touchline.

[24] On 26 October 2017, after a 1–1 home draw with last-placed Kilmarnock, Caixinha was sacked by Rangers after only 229 days in charge, becoming the shortest-serving manager in the history of the club.

[35] On 25 March 2022, Caixinha agreed to be the manager of Talleres de Córdoba for the Argentine Primera División season, becoming the first Portuguese to work in the country.

[38] In the Copa Libertadores, he took the team through the group stage and to the last 16 for the first time in their history, where they defeated compatriots Club Atlético Colón 3–1 on aggregate.

[39] On 10 December 2022, Caixinha switched countries again after being announced as the new head coach of Campeonato Brasileiro Série A side Red Bull Bragantino.