RAP-103 is a CCR2/CCR5 antagonist that protects synapses by blocking the synaptotoxic actions of oligomeric forms of amyloid beta[4] and alpha-synuclein.

[10] An analysis of antiviral effects from the 1996 NIH study showed peripheral viral load (combined plasma and serum) was significantly reduced in the DAPTA-treated group.

[11] An eleven-person study for peptide T effects on cellular viral load showed reductions in the persistently infected monocyte reservoir to undetectable levels in most of the patients.

[12] Elimination of viral reservoirs, such as the persistently infected monocytes or brain microglia, is an important treatment goal.

[16] Inhibitors of CCR5, including DAPTA,[17][18] prevent and reverse neurodegeneration and are therapeutic targets in stroke/brain injury[19] and dementia, such as in Parkinsons Disease.