Polish profanity

[1][2][3][4] In the Polish language, there exist different types of swearing (as coined by Steven Pinker); these include abusive, cathartic, dysphemistic, emphatic and idiomatic.

[6] The CBOS (Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej; The Center for Public Opinion Research) has conducted surveys to examine the use of profanity.

An open discussion allowed for the most anonymity while the other two conditions required some form of the users identifying themselves.

[23] Though songs that used such language would be presented in the mass media, works with profanities more often circulated within communities.

[23] This censorship paved the way for innovation in the way of expressing emotion and frustration, which streamlined the development of Polish rock in the 1980s (which would become popular and influential).

[citation needed] A number of words in the Polish lexicon have been borrowed from foreign languages and used with similar meanings.