In code profiling and performance measurements, the delays introduced by insertion or removal of code instrumentation may result in a non-functioning application, or unpredictable behavior.
In electronics, by attaching a multimeter, oscilloscope, or other testing device via a test probe, small amounts of capacitance, resistance, or inductance may be introduced.
Though good scopes have very slight effects, in sensitive circuitry these can lead to unexpected failures, or conversely, unexpected fixes to failures.
This is because additional code changed the timing of the execution of parallel processes, and because of that deadlocks were avoided.
[1] This type of bug is known colloquially as a Heisenbug, by analogy with the observer effect in quantum mechanics.