San Lorenzo was originally a Jesuit ranch dedicated to the exploitations of plantations known as Ñu Guazú, which was erected in the 17th century.

In 1767 the Jesuits were expelled from the country, and a town was established on August 10, 1775, by Captain Agustín Fernando de Pinedo [es].

It borders the cities of Luque to the north, Ñemby to the south, Fernando de la Mora to the west, and Capiatá to the east.

San Lorenzo is the most important city for finances, economics, and education of the Central Department.

The main team in the city is Club Sportivo San Lorenzo, who currently play in the Primera División.