Santa María Temaxcaltepec is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico.

Flora include amate, fig, locust, avocado, mahogany, oak, cedar, palm, hormiguillo and pastures.

[1] Temaxcaltepec is one of the centers of the Chatino people, related to the Zapotec but with a distinct language.

[2] Municipal representatives are selected according to the traditional indigenous system (usos y costumbres).

In December 2007 there were disturbances when the state electoral authority failed to recognize the leaders who had been selected in this way.