: striata) or corpus striatum[5] is a cluster of interconnected nuclei that make up the largest structure of the subcortical basal ganglia.

Functionally, the striatum coordinates multiple aspects of cognition, including both motor and action planning, decision-making, motivation, reinforcement, and reward perception.

A white matter nerve tract (the internal capsule) in the dorsal striatum separates the caudate nucleus and the putamen.

[13] The ventral striatum is associated with the limbic system and has been implicated as a vital part of the circuitry for decision making and reward-related behavior.

[17] Neurochemistry studies have used staining techniques on the striatum that have identified two distinct striatal compartments, the matrix, and the striosome (or patch).

[19] The striosomes receive input from the prefrontal cortex and give outputs to the substantia nigra pars compacta.

[18] Types of cells in the striatum include: There are two regions of neurogenesis in the brain – the subventricular zone (SVZ) in the lateral ventricles, and the dentate gyrus in the hippocampal formation.

[33] The normal passage of SVZ neuroblasts is to the olfactory bulb but this traffic is diverted to the striatum after an ischemic stroke.

The striatum also receives afferents from other elements of the basal ganglia such as the subthalamic nucleus (glutamatergic) or the external globus pallidus (GABAergic).

[2][4] The main nucleus of the basal ganglia is the striatum which projects directly to the globus pallidus via a pathway of striatopallidal fibers.

[41] The ventral striatum, and the nucleus accumbens in particular, primarily mediates reward, cognition, reinforcement, and motivational salience.

[49] fMRI evidence suggests that the common property linking these stimuli, to which the striatum is reacting, is salience under the conditions of presentation.

[52] The interplay between the striatum and the prefrontal cortex is relevant for behavior, particularly adolescent development as proposed by the dual systems model.

[53] Parkinson's disease results in loss of dopaminergic innervation to the dorsal striatum (and other basal ganglia) and a cascade of consequences.

[55] Addiction, a disorder of the brain's reward system, arises through the overexpression of DeltaFosB (ΔFosB), a transcription factor, in the D1-type medium spiny neurons of the ventral striatum.

[58] Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by cognitive inflexibility and poor understanding of social systems.

In mice which have an ASD-like phenotype induced via the overexpression of the eukaryotic initiation of translation factor 4E, it has been shown that these defects seem to stem from the reduced ability to store and process information in the striatum, which leads to the difficulty seen in forming new motor patterns, as well as disengaging from existing ones.

Lesions localized to the caudate nucleus, as well as direct electrical stimulation, can result in lexical paraphasias and perservations (continuations of an utterance after the stimulus has ceased), which is associated with inhibited executive control, in the sense that executive control allows for the selection of the best choice among competing alternatives).

[63] Stimulation of the putamen results in the inhibition of articulatory sequences and the inability to initiate motor speech commands.

[64][65] In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the term corpus striatum was used to designate many distinct, deep, infracortical elements of the[which?]

[68] In 1876 David Ferrier contributed decades of research to the subject; concluding that the corpus striatum was vital in the "organization and generation of voluntary movement".

[69][70][71][72][73] In 1941, Cécile and Oskar Vogt simplified the nomenclature by proposing the term striatum for all elements in the basal ganglia built with striatal elements: the caudate nucleus, the putamen, and the fundus striati,[74] which is the ventral part linking the two preceding together ventrally to the inferior part of the internal capsule.