Sugito is located in far eastern Saitama Prefecture, in the middle of the Kantō Plain, with an average altitude of 15 meters above sea level.

The town of Sugito was created within Kitakatsushika District, Saitama with the establishment of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889.

Sugito has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 15 members.

In terms of national politics, the town is part of Saitama 14th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

The economy of Sugito is mostly agricultural, with rice, cucumbers, eggplant, onion, Chinese cabbage and wheat among the major crops.