The likelihood of quanta being released is assigned a probability that increases when the action potential arrives at synaptic terminals, and progressively decreases to a lower, resting value.
Therefore, the uncertainty involved in the exact timing of neurotransmitter release is a cause for synaptic temporal noise.
Quantal release results in the inconsistent strength and timing of a response, and this is cause for synaptic voltage noise.
This occurrence can be seen when sensory inputs couple to work together or overlap, so that they can take an average of incoming signals and random stimuli.
Gamma and theta oscillations, released during exploratory activities, create modulated rhythms that transform into prolonged excitation, and furthermore into memories or improper potentiation.
There is recent evidence that supports the role of synaptic noise in the signal functions within the hippocampus, and therefore in memories, whether solidifying or interfering.
[5] This is an example of a commonly ostracized natural occurrence that dampens important signals can now be studied and utilized for therapeutic reasons to aid neural plasticity.
If weak signals cannot be enhanced with existing noise, synaptic plasticity is compromised, and memory and personality will be impacted.
[6] The research of Stacey and Durand helped shape this new direction in the analysis and pharmaceutical development to combat hippocampal illnesses.
[7] Signals and noise in sensory receptors, which allow organisms to encode information based on their senses, set a limit on a given sensation.
This phenomenon has led to the question of how sensory receptors can lower synaptic noise effectively while amplifying the signal to reach threshold.
A sensory neuron's efficiency can be increased further if noise is eliminated as early as possible before pooling occurs, through linear filtering.
A diminished signal can be detrimental to a cell if neuronal maintenance is disrupted, or more importantly a necessary inhibitory response is lost.
The accuracy of the signal will impact how well higher parts of the brain or sensory system process information from the neurons.
With stochastic resonance, synaptic noise can amplify the recognition of signals that are below threshold potential in nonlinear, threshold-detecting systems.
Frozen noise allows researchers to reveal whether or not part of a neuron's response is dependent on a given stimulus because the other interfering conditions are held constant.
Transient signaling, or more specifically noise, may shorten the resting potential in order to allow for quicker neural firing.
This prerequisite need is proposed since both channel and synaptic noise limit the reliability of responsiveness to stimuli in neurons, as well as both being voltage dependent.
Next, it would be necessary to understand how external noise interacts with internal neuronal properties more fully to coincide models with experimental facts.
There also exists the need to further investigate experimentally the methods of dendritic integration and the role of synaptic noise when it is present.
Finally, he found support that synaptic noise enhances temporal resolution in neurons, yet experimental proof has not been done to further elaborate on past modeling studies.
[19] By use of dynamic-clamp, these pieces of information clarify the role of synaptic noise in the brain and how it can be harnessed for specific therapies.
However, schizophrenics and their siblings who don't have schizophrenia seem to have an increased level of noise in their prefrontal cortical information processing circuits.
[10] Abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex might cause some of the symptoms associated with schizophrenia, such as auditory hallucinations, delusional states, and impacts on the working memory.