It is added for three reasons: to increase octane enhancement, to replace banned tetraethyl lead, and to raise the oxygen content in gasoline.

[7][failed verification] A series of experiments were carried out in a batch reactor at the temperature range of 313-343 K to study the synthesis of tert-amyl ethyl ether from ethanol (EtOH) and 2-methyl-1-butene (2M1B) catalyzed by the NKC-9 ion-exchange resin.

The activity coefficients of each component were accurately calculated using the Wilson method, then, the equilibrium constants was obtained.

The effect of catalyst size, stirring rate, temperature and EtOH/2M1B molar ratio was investigated at the chosen pressure, respectively.

The method of nonlinear least square combined with genetic algorithm (NLS-GA) was proposed to estimate the kinetic constant in the forward direction.

Significant effects on functional observational battery (FOB) parameters were only found in the high and mid-dose groups immediately after exposure.