The highest point in Lander County, Bunker Hill, is also located within the Toiyabe Range.

Although the Toiyabe Range is in the rain shadow of the higher Sierra Nevada (U.S.) range to the west and is too arid to support forests except for scattered pines, the climate was cold and snowy enough during the Pleistocene to develop alpine glaciers in several places, with cirques, moraines, and other glacial features still apparent.

The Toiyabe Range is separated from the Shoshone Mountains to the west by the Reese River Valley, although they intermingle at their southern extremes.

The historic mining community of Austin is located on the western slope of the Toiyabe Range, about midway along its length.

The Toiyabe Range is in the Austin Ranger District of the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest The National Recreation Toiyabe Crest Trail runs through the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest in the Toiyabe Range, consisting of over 70 miles (110 km) of trail atop the ridge, 30 miles (48 km) of which travel through the Arc Dome Wilderness.