Virgil is a town in Cortland County, New York, United States.

The region was part of the Central New York Military Tract used to pay soldiers of the American Revolution.

"Virgil" was the name of one of the townships of the Military Tract, this name being assigned by a clerk interested in the Classics.

[3] The eastern half of the town drains mainly via Gridley Creek to the Tioughnioga River, which flows southwards and is part of the Susquehanna River watershed, which empties into the Atlantic Ocean through the Chesapeake Bay.

The western half of the town, part of the Allegheny Plateau, drains primarily via Virgil Creek, as well as other streams, westward to Fall Creek, part of the Cayuga Lake watershed leading north towards Lake Ontario and thence to the Atlantic Ocean via the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

The west town line is shared with Dryden in Tompkins County.

U.S. Route 11 and Interstate 81 pass near the east town line by the Tioghnioga River.