In molecular biology, the acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP) is a small (10 kDa) protein that binds medium- and long-chain acyl-CoA esters with very high affinity and may function as an intracellular carrier of acyl-CoA esters.

[1] ACBP is also known as diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) or endozepine (EP) because of its ability to displace diazepam from the benzodiazepine (BZD) recognition site located on the GABA type A receptor.

[2] ACBP is a highly conserved protein of about 90 amino acids that is found in all four eukaryotic kingdoms, Animalia, Plantae, Fungi and Protista, and in some eubacterial species.

[3] The ACB domain consists of four alpha-helices arranged in a bowl shape with a highly exposed acyl-CoA-binding site.

The ligand is bound through specific interactions with residues on the protein, most notably several conserved positive charges that interact with the phosphate group on the adenosine-3'phosphate moiety, and the acyl chain is sandwiched between the hydrophobic surfaces of CoA and the protein.