One particular example is that, during carnevale male townspeople, dressed in papier mâché masks and hats covered with streamers, wearing long underwear and cow bells, march down the town's main street, throwing flour at gathered crowds and making grunting noises.

Population decline is a major problem in Aliano and other similarly sized towns in the poor regions of southern Italy.

A higher percentage of young people from the South of Italy complete a university education than their peers in the north due to the unemployment situation.

Some 4.2 kilometres (2.6 mi) south of Aliano is the tiny hamlet of Alianello, which is now almost a complete ghost town, after it was destroyed in the 1980 earthquake.

Only a shepherd has been known to use some of the vacant homes to house some of his animals, where he keeps guinea pigs for food, and grazes his sheep and goats.