Stigliano (Lucano: Stëgghiànë, Latin: Stilianum) is a town and comune in the province of Matera, in the Basilicata region of southern Italy.

The name is likely of Byzantine origin, stemming from "Stylianos", a Greek name with a Latin ending.

During the classical imperial era of the Roman Empire, the town was owned by the Hostilii family.

In 1274 King Charles I of Anjou gave it as a fief to Giacomo di Bosciniano.

In 1556 the whole fief passed under the Spanish Dukes the Medina, who made it the capital of the Basilicata province.