[3] It received its name after a group of early settlers killed and ate several pronghorn.

[5] The Ashfall Fossil Beds National Natural Landmark is located within the county.

The county's initial settlement was slow due in part to popular views of Great American Desert as unsuitable for farming without significant effort in land reclamation.

[7] The growth of Antelope County was significantly influenced by the construction of railroads through the area.

The Sioux City and Nebraska Railroad reached Neligh in 1879, which was then designated as the county seat.

Wheat, oats, and later corn became staple crops, and the county saw an influx of settlers after the railroad's arrival.

In only one national election since 1916 has the county selected the Democratic Party candidate.