In Weimar she was also an acquaintance of the author Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, whose portrait she drew.
After the end of her apprenticeship with Kügelgen, Caroline and her sister, the singer Wilhelmine Bardua, traveled together to Paris and Frankfurt.
Her portraits of Princess Alexandrine of Prussia, the prince and other family members were harshly criticized in comparison with paintings by Schadow, who unlike Bardua had received academic training.
They then led an itinerant lifestyle, frequently moving between small cities such as Heidelberg or Krefeld, avoiding any competition.
The biography, Das Jugendleben der Malerin Caroline Bardua was first published posthumously in 1874.