Deposition (phase transition)

One example of deposition is the process by which, in sub-freezing air, water vapour changes directly to ice without first becoming a liquid.

This supercooled water vapour, when around a leaf, immediately begins to condense.

Since it is already past the freezing point, the water vapour changes directly into solid frost.

This process is made use of industrially in combustion chemical vapour deposition.

There is an industrial coating process, known as evaporative deposition, whereby a solid material is heated to the gaseous state in a low-pressure chamber, the gas molecules travel across the chamber space and then deposit to the solid state on a target surface, forming a smooth and thin layer on the target surface.