The Dominican Republic Olympic Committee (Spanish: Comité Olímpico Dominicano, COD) sent a team of 29 athletes, 21 men and 8 women, to compete in eleven different sports at the Games.

Seven athletes from the Dominican Republic previously competed in London at the 2012 Olympics, including weightlifters Beatriz Pirón and Yuderqui Contreras, American-based freestyle swimmer Dorian McMenemy, and sprinter and former Youth Olympian Luguelín Santos, who earned a silver in the men's 400 metres.

[1][3] Dominican Republic left Rio de Janeiro with only a bronze medal, won by taekwondo fighter Luisito Pie in the men's flyweight category (58 kg).

[12] Meanwhile, bantamweight boxer Héctor García secured an additional place on the Dominican Republic roster with his semifinal triumph at the 2016 APB and WSB Olympic Qualifier in Vargas, Venezuela.

Wander Mateo earned a continental quota spot from the Pan American region as Dominican Republic's top-ranked judoka outside of direct qualifying position in the IJF World Ranking List of 30 May 2016.