Flame treatment

[1][2] Polyolefins, especially polyethylene and polypropylene bond poorly, because they consist of long non-polar molecules.

By rapidly applying intense heat to a surface, molecular chains are broken and polar functional groups are added.

Flame treatment is a method where exothermic reactions between oxygen and fuel gas create thermally activated radical atoms and molecules, such as atomic oxygen (O), hydroxyl (OH), imidogen (NH), Nitric oxide (NO), and cyanide (CN).

The precombustion area is the coolest part of the flame because the amount of released energy (heat) is low.

[3] To treat a surface quickly and evenly, many gas jets, similar to the one on the right, are lined up in a long row on a single burner.