[1] During the catalytic cycle, various oxidoreductases induce reversible interconversions between the oxidized (FMN), semiquinone (FMNH•), and reduced (FMNH2) forms of the isoalloxazine core.

FMN is a stronger oxidizing agent than NAD and is particularly useful because it can take part in both one- and two-electron transfers.

[2] Covalently or non-covalently bound FMN is a cofactor of many enzymes playing an important pathophysiological role in cellular metabolism.

For example dissociation of flavin mononucleotide from mitochondrial complex I has been shown to occur during ischemia/reperfusion brain injury during stroke.

[3][4] Flavin mononucleotide is also used as an orange-red food colour additive, designated in Europe as E number E101a.