Geometric art

[8] The only women allowed into this room were called "hetaera", or female sex-workers, who required payment from their regular, male companions.

[8] The Protogeometric style (1025–900 BC)[9][10][4] inherits its decorative forms and motifs from Mycenaean tradition and is mostly visible in ceramic production.

Technological developments of the era created a new relationship between ornament and structure, causing differing stylistic choices from its Mycenaean influences.

[13] Common vase shapes of the period include amphorai with the handles on both the belly and the neck, hydriai (water jars), oinochoai (wine jugs), lekythoi, and skyphoi (stemless cups).

[12] Protegeometric pottery style is thought to have been led by Athens, while other regions also had their own local variations, most notably Thessaly, Euboea, Crete etc.

[14] By the middle Geometric period (850–760 BC), the decorative zones appear multiplied due to the creation of a laced mesh, while the meander dominates and is placed in the most important area, in the metope, which is arranged between the handles.

Based on excavations at Sindos, mentioned by Gimatzidis and Weninger (2020), Alagich et al. (2024) consider the possibility that Middle Geometric period began 140 years earlier, lasting (c. 990-870 BC).

[5] People and animals are depicted geometrically in a dark glossy color, while the remaining vessel is covered by strict zones of meanders, crooked lines, circles, swastikas, in the same graphical concept.

[19] One of the characteristic examples of the late Geometric style is the oldest surviving signed work of a Greek potter, Aristonothos (or Aristonophos) (7th century BC).

[20] From the mid-8th century BC, the closer contact between Greece and the East enriched the ceramic art with new subjects – such as lions, panthers, imaginary beings, rosettes, palmettes, lotus flowers etc.

Besides abstract elements, painters of this era introduced stylized depictions of humans and animals which marks a significant departure from the earlier Protogeometric style.

A combination of historical, mythological, and societal context is needed to interpret the stories told within Greek Geometric art.

Art historians must decide if the stylistic choices that were made during this time period were for a specific reason or simply coincidental.

The Dipylon Amphora , mid-8th century BC, with human figures. National Archaeological Museum , Athens.
Detail of a chariot from a late Geometric krater attributed to the Trachones workshop on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Hirschfeld Krater, mid-8th century BC, from the late Geometric period, National Archaeological Museum, Athens