Gilboa is a town in Schoharie County, New York, United States.

[2] The Town of Gilboa is in the southern part of the county and is southwest of Albany.

The original settlement of Gilboa was razed and flooded as part of this project.

In 1870, workers blasting a site for a stone quarry found fossilized remains of tree stumps.

New York State Route 23 cuts through the southwestern corner of the town.

New York State Route 990V is a highway running eastward from NY-30 in the southeastern part of Gilboa.