Additionally, the El Niño event weakened the Bermuda High, allowing systems to curve northward or take more easterly tracks out to sea, as opposed to being pushed westward towards the continental United States, Mexico, or Central America.
[29] NOAA attributed the abnormally high number of named storms to record-warm sea surface temperatures across the Atlantic, mostly offsetting the effects of a strong El Niño event, which typically limits activity in the basin.
The most destructive storm, Idalia, caused 12 deaths and approximately $3.6 billion in damage in August despite making landfall in Florida at Category 3 hurricane intensity, due to crossing mostly rural areas.
[35] Although Lee remained offshore while a tropical cyclone, rough seas generated by the storm drowned four people, while the remnants resulted in about $50 million in damage, mostly in Maine and Atlantic Canada.
After becoming cutoff from polar flow to the north, the trough decelerated and developed some convection, due to cold air aloft resulting in high atmospheric instability and sea surface temperatures around 68–70 °F (20–21 °C) over the Gulf Stream.
Early on June 24, Bret passed just to the north of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao with an exposed low-level center, and opened into a trough near the Guajira Peninsula of Colombia around 12:00 UTC.
[85] Though the system remained embedded within the trough and had not acquired a compact wind field, a well-defined center of circulation developed along with persistent deep convection early on July 14.
[86] The next day, while beginning an anticyclonic loop over the central Atlantic, steered by a blocking ridge to its north,[88] the system transitioned to a tropical depression, based on Don's wind field and convective core becoming more consolidated.
[86] Don remained a minimal hurricane for several hours before weakening to a tropical storm early on July 23, when its structure quickly deteriorated as it moved over increasingly cooler waters north of the Gulf Stream.
[90] While situated about 400 mi (645 km) east of Newfoundland early on July 24, Don degenerated into a non-tropical low, which continued east-northeastward across the Atlantic and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone late on the next day.
[96] However, Gert began deteriorating several hours later while being drawn quickly northward and degenerated into a remnant low on September 4 about 515 mi (830 km) south-southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland,[48] shortly before being absorbed into the larger circulation of Post-Tropical Cyclone Idalia.
[35] The outer bands of Franklin generally produced precipitation totals of 2 to 4 in (51 to 102 mm) across southern and eastern Puerto Rico, causing mudslides, flash flooding, and overflowing rivers.
[34] Idalia's strengthening was then halted by an eyewall replacement cycle, which caused it to weaken slightly before it made landfall at 11:45 UTC, near Keaton Beach, Florida, with sustained winds of 115 mph (185 km/h).
Strong southwesterly wind shear then pushed the storm's convection well north and east of its center as it moved off the northeastern South Carolina coast and emerged into the Atlantic early on August 31.
[34] Severe storm surge impacts extended southward to parts of the Tampa Bay area, with up to 5 ft (1.5 m) of water reported in approximately 2,000 homes in Pasco County.
Parts of Georgia and the Carolinas experienced rains, strong winds, storm surge, and tornadoes, but with lesser impacts than in Florida, while high tides were reported as far north as the Mid-Atlantic.
[125] Even so, the storm's structure improved markedly early on September 1 as convection near the center deepened and a small mid-level eye feature appeared, causing Jose to peak with maximum sustained winds of 65 mph (100 km/h).
Although a well-defined circulation developed by the following day as the wave crossed the Cabo Verde Islands, convective disorganization did not allow the system to be classified as a tropical depression until late on August 31.
[36] However, increasing southwesterly wind shear quickly caused Lee's eye to become cloud filled and the storm became more asymmetric, weakening it back to a high-end Category 4 hurricane.
[134] As the hurricane pushed northward, continued drier air entrainment and increasingly strong southerly wind shear displaced Lee's convection to the northern side of the system, weakening it further.
[51] Initially, northerly shear and dry mid-level air intrusion slowed organizational improvements, though bursts of deep convection and a diffluent outflow pattern beginning on September 9 allowed for some intensification to occur.
Later that day, the depression became Tropical Storm Philippe and continued to strengthen due to warm waters and light to moderate wind shear while moving westward along the southern side of a mid-level ridge.
However, environmental conditions began improving on October 9, leading to the formation of a tropical depression about 525 mi (845 km) southwest of the southernmost Cabo Verde Islands late the next day.
By then, persistent convection formed, gradually leading disturbance to organize into Tropical Storm Tammy late on October 18 roughly 575 mi (925 km) east of the Lesser Antilles.
Tammy then moved northwestward and north-northwestward for the next few days due to a steering ridge being forced eastward as a result of a trough exiting the East Coast of the United States.
[57] Shortly after Tammy reached peak intensity, a cold front to the north,[181] a drier air mass, and an increase in wind shear diminished the cyclone's convection and caused it to weaken to a tropical storm early on October 27.
Tammy then turned eastward along the northern periphery of a subtropical ridge and briefly re-developed more convection, but degenerated into a remnant low late on October 28 about 470 mi (755 km) east-northeast of Bermuda.
The low quickly acquired more deep convection and a well-defined circulation, signaling the formation of a tropical depression at 12:00 UTC on the next day roughly 80 mi (130 km) east of southern Nicaragua.
However, no intensification occurred prior to the depression making landfall in Nicaragua near Pearl Lagoon in the South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region at 01:30 UTC on October 24 with winds of 30 mph (45 km/h).
Satellite images and data gathered during a U.S. Air Force Reserve hurricane hunter flight showed that the system had a closed yet elongated circulation, but there was not a well-defined low level center.