Italy competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, Russian SFSR, USSR.

159 competitors, 121 men and 38 women, took part in 88 events in 19 sports.

[1] For the first time, Italy entered a woman in the Olympic archery competition.

Giancarlo Ferrari repeated his bronze medal-winning performance of four years earlier.

Men's Heavyweight (+ 81 kg) Ten cyclists represented Italy in 1980.