Sweden competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, Soviet Union.

145 competitors, 122 men and 23 women, took part in 102 events in 18 sports.

Anna-Lisa Berglund and Rolf Svensson were both less successful than they had been in Montreal four years before.

Men's Heavyweight (+ 81 kg) Six cyclists represented Sweden in 1980.

Wolfgang Biedron Three male pentathletes represented Sweden in 1980.