The city is noted for is known throughout Japan for the creation of koinobori (carp kites), baseballs, kendo equipment, and Kazo-udon noodles.

The area of modern Kazo has been settled since prehistoric times and many burial mounds from the Kofun period dot the landscape.

On May 3, 1954, Kazo annexed the neighboring town of Fudooka, and the villages of Mitsumata, Raiha, Ōkuwa, Mizufuka, Hirakikawa and Shidai and was elevated to city status.

On March 23, 2010, Kazo absorbed the towns of Kisai, Kitakawabe and Ōtone (all from Kitasaitama District) which was dissolved as a result of this merger.

In terms of national politics, the city is part of Saitama 12th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.