[1][2] The volcanic origin of these mountains is evidenced by tholeiite basalt deposits, the numerous hot springs and rivulets in the area, as well as red volcanic rhyolite stone most marked near the two caldera.

[2] Minerals that have emerged from the hot springs also color the ground yellow, red and green.

Since 2000, Kerlingarfjöll has been operated as a highland resort, offering accommodation and food services to guests in the area.

[3] On March 17 in 2017 it was reported that the Kerlingarfjöll Mountains and geothermal area were being turned into a nature reserve.

There have been thoughts of using the 140 °C (284 °F) hot springs as a geothermal power plant.