Maltese alphabet

It is used to write the Maltese language, which evolved from the otherwise extinct Siculo-Arabic dialect, as a result of 800 years of independent development.

However, the first appearance of the letter ⟨ċ⟩ for its current sound was in 1822 in the first ever Maltese written gospel by Martin Cannolo instituting the modern ⟨ċ⟩.

The first appearance for this letter was once again in the first Maltese Gospel by Martin Cannolo instituting yet again the modern ⟨ġ⟩.

A Short Grammar of the Maltese Language used ⟨a⟩ with a superscript Arabic ʿayn (⟨ع⟩) to represent /ʕː/.

The letter ⟨ħ⟩ was first used by Martin Cannolo in the same aforementioned script, although the capital ⟨Ħ⟩ was used later on (in 1845), where its lower case counterpart was a dotted h. /w/ was written as ⟨w⟩, ⟨u⟩ or as a modified u (not present in Unicode).

Vassalli invented a special character similar to ⟨Ɯ⟩, just wider, and Panzavecchia used an ⟨sc⟩ ligature to represent /ʃ/ and /ʒ/, in the Italian fashion.

His alphabet is set out in full with modern-day equivalents where known: A, a = a B, b = b T, t = t D, d = d E, e = e F, f = f [V, or a Syriac/Arabic gimel open to the right] = g [Ч], ɥ = ċ H, h = h ȣ Ө, ө Y, y = j Г = ġ З, з U = ħ I, i = i J, j = j K, k = k [I with a small c superimposed on it] L, l = l M, m = m N, n = n O, o = o P, p = p R, r = r S, s = s Ɯ, ɯ = x V, v = v U, u = u W, w = w Z, z = z Ʒ, ʒ = ż Æ, æ = final e Five grave accented vowels are also used to indicate which syllable should be stressed: Àà, Èè, Ìì, Òò, and Ùù.