Marie Frederike of Hesse-Kassel (14 September 1768, Hanau – 17 April 1839, Hanau) was a German noblewoman and by marriage Princess and later Duchess of Anhalt-Bernburg.

She was a daughter of William I, Elector of Hesse, and his wife, Princess Wilhelmina Caroline of Denmark.

On 29 November 1794 she married Alexius Frederick Christian, Duke of Anhalt-Bernburg.

They had four children, of whom only two survived to adulthood: Shortly after her marriage, Marie Friederike showed signs of mental illness (a disease that eventually her two surviving children inherited), which led to inconsistencies in the Bernburg court.

On her death, she was buried on 22 April 1839 in the Marienkirche in Hanau (then a Reformed church[1]).