Modern sculpture

[2][3] He "dissolved the hard outline of contemporary Neo-Greek academicism, and thereby created a vital synthesis of opacity and transparency, volume and void".

[8] Artists like Raymond Duchamp-Villon (1876-1918), whose career was cut short by his death in military service, and Alexander Archipenko, who'd arrived in Paris in 1908 and whose 1912 Walking Woman were very quick to follow Braque and Picasso's lead.

In later years Picasso became a prolific potter, leading, with interest in historic pottery from around the world, to a revival of ceramic art, with figures such as George E. Ohr and subsequently Peter Voulkos, Kenneth Price, and Robert Arneson.

[citation needed] Similarly, the work of Constantin Brâncuși at the beginning of the century paved the way for later abstract sculpture.

In revolt against the naturalism of Rodin and his late 19th-century contemporaries, Brâncuși distilled subjects down to their essences as illustrated by the elegantly refined forms of his Bird in Space series (1924).

[13] Brâncuși's impact, with his vocabulary of reduction and abstraction, is seen throughout the 1930s and 1940s, and exemplified by artists such as Gaston Lachaise, Sir Jacob Epstein, Henry Moore, Alberto Giacometti, Joan Miró, Ásmundur Sveinsson, Julio González, Pablo Serrano, Jacques Lipchitz[14] and also by the 1940s abstract sculpture was impacted and expanded by Alexander Calder, Len Lye, Jean Tinguely, and Frederick Kiesler who were pioneers of Kinetic art.

[citation needed] In the late 1950s and the 1960s, abstract sculptors began experimenting with a wide array of new materials and different approaches to creating their work.

Surrealist imagery, anthropomorphic abstraction, new materials and combinations of new energy sources and varied surfaces and objects became characteristic of much new modernist sculpture.

Other Minimalists and Postminimalists include Tony Smith, Donald Judd, Robert Morris, Anne Truitt, Ronald Bladen, Giacomo Benevelli, Arnaldo Pomodoro, Richard Serra, Carl Andre, Dan Flavin, Eva Hesse, Christo, Walter De Maria, Robert Smithson, and others like John Safer who added motion and monumentality to the theme of purity of line,[15] led contemporary abstract sculpture in new directions.

[citation needed] Site specific and environmental art works are represented by artists: Andy Goldsworthy, Walter De Maria,[23] Richard Long, Richard Serra, Robert Irwin,[24] George Rickey, and Christo and Jeanne-Claude-led contemporary abstract sculpture in new directions.

Artists created environmental sculpture on expansive sites in the "land art in the American West" group of projects.

Eva Hesse, Sol LeWitt, Jackie Winsor, Keith Sonnier, and Bruce Nauman, among others were pioneers of Postminimalist sculpture.

Also during the 1960s and 1970s artists as diverse as Eduardo Paolozzi, Chryssa, Walter De Maria, Claes Oldenburg, George Segal, Edward Kienholz, Nam June Paik, Wolf Vostell, Duane Hanson, and John DeAndrea explored abstraction, imagery, and figuration through video art, environment, light sculpture, and installation art in new ways.

Auguste Rodin , The Burghers of Calais , 1889, Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden , Washington, D.C. , cast 1943. [ 1 ]
Alberto Giacometti , Cat , 1954, Metropolitan Museum of Art
Gaston Lachaise , Floating Figure 1927, bronze, no. 5 from an edition of 7, National Gallery of Australia
Henry Moore , Double Oval (1966), Henry Moore Foundation
David Smith , CUBI VI (1963) at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem
André Derain , 1908, photograph published in Gelett Burgess, " The Wild Men of Paris ", Architectural Record , May 1910. Sculpture: Nu debout (Standing Woman) , 1907
Henri Matisse , The Back Series , bronze, left to right: The Back I, 1908–09, The Back II, 1913, The Back III 1916, The Back IV, c. 1931, all Museum of Modern Art , New York [ 16 ] [ 17 ] [ 18 ]