[2] Per Japanese census data,[3] the population of Ogose has declined at an accelerating rate in recent decades.

The town of Ogano was created within Chichibu District, Saitama with the establishment of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889, and annexed the neighboring village of Nagawaka on April 1, 1955, followed by the villages of Mitagawa and Kurao on March 31, 1956.

Ogano has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 12 members.

Ogano, together with the towns of Higashichichibu, Minano, Nagatoro and Yokoze, contributes one member to the Saitama Prefectural Assembly.

In terms of national politics, the town is part of Saitama 11th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.