Outline of ancient Rome

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to ancient Rome: Ancient Rome – former civilization that thrived on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC.

Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to become one of the largest empires in the ancient world.

[1] Political institutions of ancient Rome Roman magistrate Ordinary magistrate Extraordinary magistrate Roman law Military of ancient Rome Military history of ancient Rome Roman era Roman Republic Roman historiography Culture of ancient Rome Ancient Roman architecture Types of buildings and structures Roman art Religion in ancient Rome Roman mythology Latin Languages of the Roman Empire Roman economy

Julius Caesar
The Roman Empire at its greatest extent, under Trajan (117); imperial provinces are shaded green, senatorial provinces are shaded pink, and client states are shaded gray
Augustus , the first Roman emperor
The Praetorians Relief , from the Arch of Claudius , Rome
Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus , c. 122 BC; the altar shows two Roman infantrymen equipped with long scuta and a cavalryman with his horse. All are shown wearing chain mail armour.
Roman soldiers in testudo formation
Roman Empire at its greatest extent, in AD 117
vassals
Roman expansion in Italy from 500 BC to 218 BC through the Latin War (light red), Samnite Wars (pink/orange), Pyrrhic War (beige), and First and Second Punic War (yellow and green). Cisalpine Gaul (238-146 BC) and Alpine valleys (16-7 BC) were later added. The Roman Republic in 500 BC is marked with dark red.
Extent of the Roman Republic on the eve of the assassination of Julius Caesar , 44 BC
Extent of the Roman Empire under Augustus. Yellow shows the extent of the Republic in 31 BC, shades of green represent territories gradually conquered by Augustus, and pink shows client states.
During the Crisis of the Third Century , the Roman Empire suffered internal schisms, forming the Palmyrene Empire and the Gallic Empire
Map of the Roman Empire under the Tetrarchy, showing the dioceses and the four Tetrarchs' zones of influence.
The Roman Empire during the reigns of Leo I (east) and Majorian (west) in 460 AD.
The Western and Eastern Roman Empires by 476
For comparison, the Byzantine Empire at its greatest extent under Justinian I, in 555 AD
The Colosseum , the largest amphitheatre ever built
Pont du Gard , a Roman aqueduct built circa 40–60 AD
Back side of the Roman temples of Sbeitla , Tunisia
The ancient theatre of Taormina
Trio of musicians playing an aulos , cymbala, and tympanum (mosaic from Pompeii )
Daedalus and Pasiphaë , Roman fresco in the House of the Vettii , Pompeii , first century AD
Theatrical masks of Tragedy and Comedy, Roman mosaic, 2nd century AD
Ancient Roman earrings
Roman cage cup , ca. 400 AD (Collection Staatliche Antikensammlung , Munich)
Museum of Roman Civilization , a museum in Rome devoted to aspects of the Ancient Roman civilization
Sundial at the Temple of Apollo (Pompeii)
Augustus , possibly the most famous example of adoption in Ancient Rome
Mosaic depicting two female slaves ( ancillae ) attending their mistress ( Carthage National Museum )
The Maison Carrée in Nîmes, a mid-sized provincial temple of the Augustan imperial cult
Jupiter holding a staff, with eagle and globe, a fresco from the Casa dei Dioscuri, Pompeii
Portrait of the emperor Antoninus Pius in ritual attire
Roman numerals
Aureus minted in AD 176
by Marcus Aurelius
Solidus of Constantine I , minted in AD 335