The Quapaw Indian Agency was a territory that included parts of the present-day Oklahoma counties of Ottawa and Delaware.
The area that became known as the Quapaw Agency Lands contained 220,000 acres and was located in the northeastern corner of Oklahoma where that state adjoins Missouri and Kansas.
The agency was disbanded in 1890 by the Oklahoma Organic Act, which was designed to extinguish tribal communal land claims.
The land was attached to an Indian Territory prior to passage of the Dawes Act and distribution of plots to individual households.
These old tribes had once occupied many hundreds of thousands of acres in Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma and Oregon.
The agency was originally located four miles west of Seneca, Missouri, and later moved to Wyandotte in the Indian Territory as the Native Americans were settled there.
In 1873, 153 surviving members of a Modoc band formerly headed by Captain Jack (Kintpuash), were relocated here from northern California after their defeat.
Many records of the Quapaw Agency are in the National Archives Southwest Region (Ft. Worth)[3], including: Census records—Eastern Shawnee, 1882–1940 Miami, 1888–1940 Modoc, 1885–1890 Nez Perce, n.d. Ottawa, 1883–1888 Peoria, 1883–1959 Quapaw, 1885–1933, with updates to 1955 Seneca, 1877–1940 Wyandot, 1871–1956 Death rolls, 1931–1935 Birth rolls, 1931–1935 Miami applications and rejected applications, 1972–1973 Land and property records, 1873–1959 School records, 1882–1940 And many other administrative files and correspondence Letters received by the Office of Indian Affairs from the Quapaw Agency, 1871–1880, have been microfilmed by the National Archives as part of their Microcopy Number M234, Rolls 703-713[4].
Reports of Inspection of the Field Jurisdictions of the Office of Indian Affairs, 1873-1900 have been microfilmed by the National Archives as part of Microcopy Number M1070.