[4][5][2] The Lower Chamber is found after a steep, crawling descent, and had pottery stored in it by Neolithic people.
It is accessible by entering the Upper Chamber through the north facing entrance and continuing through the passageway towards the southwest.
[6] The usage of Scaloria Cave is largely concentrated in the Neolithic time period between 5500 and 5200 BC,[7] though evidence also shows activity from the Upper Paleolithic and the Mesolithic.
[7] The Upper Chamber was used as a living (as evidenced by hearths with food remains) and herding space (of goat/sheep), and as an area to collect the dead.
Cut marks on remains were found to be in small pairs, suggesting a repeated motion at once without the use of high-force or high-impact tools such as anvils.
[15] In 1990, about ten volunteers worked under the direction of Gimbutas to create illustrations, study, and photography of what had been excavated, though she passed before completion.
[2] In more recent times, the use of pseudo-3D electrical resistivity tomography, two-dimensional and three-dimensional synthetic data models, and bedrock drilling in 2014 by the Istituto Italiano di Archeologia Sperimentale have revealed cavities nearby the site which have not yet been explored.
[2] Academic work also continues in the modern day, including a $40,000 grant in 2008 from the National Endowment for the Humanities to a UCLA project under the direction of Ernestine Elster for a technical and interpretive publication on the cave.
also revealed the disappearance of the wild horse and its replacement with Asinus hydruntinus, the remains of which made up 53.7% of the faunal assemblage found at the site.
Hypotheses were also made that perhaps remains were buried in the cave due to the visual similarity of bones and stalactites, or beliefs regarding the underground as a source of spiritual power.
[7] Cult behavior has also been suggested, potentially in reverence to the water,[4] perhaps as a plea for rain in the face of a climate crisis.