South Korea, as Korea, competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia.

35 competitors, all men, took part in 23 events in 7 sports.

[1] Thailand's loss gave the nation 15th place.

Korea's final ranking was 14th.

An Yeong-sik, An Byeong-seok, Jo Byeong-hyeon, Choi Tae-gon, Kim Chun-bae, Kim Hyeong-il, Kim Yeong-gi, Kim Yeong-su, Go Se-tae, Baek Jeong-nam Two shooters represented South Korea in 1956.