Toda is located in the flat lowlands of far southeastern Saitama Prefecture, separated from Tokyo by the Arakawa River.

Toda has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall.

The villages of Niizo, Kamitoda and Shimotoda were created within Kitaadachi District, Saitama with the establishment of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889.

Much of the residential and commercial development in Toda is due to its proximity to the city of Tokyo and the efficient commuter rail links available.

There has been a continuous increase in population since the construction of the three Saikyo Line stations in the 1980s and this has had a positive effect on the economy and development of the city.

Large companies that have their headquarters in Toda-shi include Okazen Transportation (Haulage/Logistics), Khobho (IT services), Chiyoda (Food Manufacturing).